Livestock Waste Storage: Assessing Drinking Water Contamination Risk
| Location of Livestock Waste Storage Facility | ||||
| Distance from drinking water well | More than 200 feet. | 100 to 200 feet. | 50 to 100 feet. | Less than 50 feet. |
| Site Characteristics | ||||
| Soil depth and per - meability | Well - drained medium- or fine - textured soils (loam, silt loam, clay loams, clays) more than 40 inches deep with low per - meability (silt and clay). | Well - drained or moderately well - drained medium- or fine - textured soils (loam, silt loam, clay loams, clays) 30 to 40 inches deep with moderate per - meability (loamy). | Moderately well - drained coarse - textured soils (sands, sandy loam), shallow (20 to 30 inches) and/or with high per - meability (sandy). | Excessively well - drained coarse - textured soils (sands, sandy loam) or gravel, and/or somewhat poorly drained to poorly drained soils, very shallow (less than 20 inches) and/or with very high per - meability (coarse sand.) |
| Design and Management of Facilities | ||||
| Surface water diversion | All upslope and roof water diverted. | Most upslope surface and roof water diverted. | No surface water diverted. Some roof water collected and redirected. | All water (surface and roof water) runs through the yard. |
| Lot runoff control system | No yard runoff produced (either barn or roofed area). | All runoff collected from open lots and routed through settling basins. Solids separated. Water directed into a waste storage structure. | Most of lot runoff collected. Some solids removed. | Lot runoff uncontrolled. |
| Yard cleaning and scraping practice | No yard. Animals confined in house. Old manure, if present, removed of and disposed of properly. | Yard cleaned once or twice per year; undisturbed manure pan maintained. | Yard cleaned once or twice per year without maintaining manure pan for seal. | Rarely. |
| Concentration of Animals on Yard (square feet per head (sf/hd)) | ||||
| Dairy Cows | No yard. Confined to barn or roofed area. | 75 sf/hd or more on fenced, curbed concrete pad and/or 400 sf/hd on graded earthen surface. | 50 sf/hd or more on concrete and/or 200-300 sf/hd on earthen surface. | Some concrete (fewer than 50 sf/hd) and earth (fewer than 100 sf/hd). |
| Dairy replacements | No yard. Confined to barn or roof area. | More than 40 sf/hd on fenced, curbed concrete pad and/or 150-200 sf/hd on earthen yard. | More than 20 sf/hd on concrete and/or more than 75 sf/hd on earthen surface. | Fewer than 75 sf/hd on earth. |
| Beef feeders | No yard. Confined to barn with slotted floor. | Barn and/or paved lot with more than 50 sf/hd. Earthen lot with more than 400 sf/hd. Earthen without mound with more than 600 sf/hd. | No shelter and paved lot with 40 to 50 sf/hd. Earthen lot with mound with more than 150 sf/hd, or without mound with more than 250 sf/hd. | Paved with fewer than 30 sf/hd, or earthen with fewer than 150 sf/hd. |
| Beef cows/heifers | Barn or roofed lot. | Barn with paved lot with more than 60 sf/hd. Earthen lot with mound with more than 400 sf/hd. Earthen without mound with more than 600 sf/hd. | Paved lot with more than 30 sf/hd. Earthen mound with more than 200 sf/hd. Earthen without mound with more than 300 sf/hd. | Earthen without mound with fewer than 200 sf/hd. |
| Sheep/ewes | No yard. Confined to barn or roofed yard. | Barn and paved lot with more than 20 sf/hd. Earthen with more than 25 sf/hd. | Barn and paved lot with fewer than 15 sf/hd. Earthen with fewer than 25 sf/hd. | Earthen with fewer than 10 sf/hd. |
| Feeder lambs | No yard. Confined to barn. | Barn and paved lot with more than 10 sf/hd. Earthen with more than 25 sf/hd. | Barn and paved lot with more than 5 sf/hd. Earthen with more than 10 sf/hd. | Earthen with fewer than 10 sf/hd. |
| Hogs/sows | No yard. Confined to barn. | Shed and paved lot with more than 30 sf/hd. | Shed and earthen lot with fewer than 15 sf/hd. | Earthen with fewer than 10 sf/hd. |
| Pigs: growing / finishing | No yard. Confined to barn. | Shed and paved lot with more than 15 sf/hd. | Shed and earthen lot with more than 15 sf/hd. | Shed and earthen lot with fewer than 10 sf/hd. |
| Horses | No yard. Confined to barn or on pasture. | Earthen exercise lot with more than 2,500 sf/hd. No pasture. | Earthen lot with more than 1,500 sf/hd. No pasture. | Earthen lot with fewer than 1,000 sf/hd. No pasture. |
| Chickens: Broilers | No lot. In building with watering system in good working order. Runoff protected. | No lot. In building with watering system in good working order. Inadequate runoff protection. | Earthen lot of 2 sf/hd or more, on medium - textured soils (silt loam, loam). Water table deeper than 20 feet. | Earthen lot of 2 sf/hd or more on coarse - textured soils (sands, sandy loam). Water table shallower than 20 feet. |
| Chickens: Layers | No lot. In building with watering system in good working order. Runoff protected. | No lot. In building with watering system in good working order. Inadequate runoff protection. | Earthen lot of 4 sf/hd or more, on medium - textured soils (silt loam, loam). Water table deeper than 20 feet. | Earthen lot of 4 sf/hd or more on coarse - textured soils (sands, sandy loam). Water table shallower than 20 feet. |
| Turkeys | No lot. In building with watering system in good working order. Runoff protected. | No lot. In building with watering system in good working order. Inadequate runoff protection. | Earthen lot of 8 sf/hd or more, on medium - textured soils (silt loam, loam). Water table deeper than 20 feet. | Earthen lot of 8 sf/hd or more on coarse - textured soils (sands, sandy loam). Water table shallower than 20 feet. |
| Ducks | No lot. In building with watering system in good working order. Runoff protected. | No lot. In building with watering system in good working order. Inadequate runoff protection. | Earthen lot of 4 sf/hd or more, on medium - textured soils (silt loam, loam). Water table deeper than 20 feet. | Earthen lot of 4 sf/hd or more on coarse - textured soils (sands, sandy loam). Water table shallower than 20 feet. |
December 8, 1997
Dr. Dennis Hoffman, Project Leader
Steve Dagitz, Webmaster
